In this paper we 1) present an algorithm ensuring optimal antenna range for the case when Ω ≥ 18π/5, 2) show that determining whether or not there exists a strong orientation of directional sensors of solid angle Ω 0, and 3) provide an algorithm for approximating the antennae range so as to ensure strong connectivity of the resulting graph, provided the solid angle of the antennae is 2π ≤ Ω < 18π/5 The strong connectivity antenna orientation problem is concerned with deciding whether or not for given solid angle Ω and range r it is possible to orient the antennae so as to ensure that the sensor network resulting from the induced transmissions is strongly connected. Sensors are located at points in 3D space and are equipped with directional antennae. We consider a 3D antenna orientation problem for maintaining connectivity of a wireless network in 3D space using only directional antennae. In this protocol, a topology maintenance approach which tries to keep the topology of the network with respect to node mobility has been considered. CBK-Neigh also decreases the interference in the network. We present simulation results which show that our approach is about 8% more energy efficient than a widely studied existing protocol. The performance of the protocol when nodes are stationary and also when they are mobile has been compared to existing protocols. ![]() This protocol guarantees connectivity on the communication graph with high probability and enforces symmetry on the resulting communication graph, thereby easing the operation of higher level protocols. The angular difference between these neighbors is between a minimum and maximum value. ![]() These neighbors have been selected from the nearest neighbors of each node and are located in different four quarters of axis. Every node in the network tries to keep the number of its neighbors to 4 or 3. ![]() In this paper, an approach for topology control has been proposed which make use of distance estimation and angle of arrival (AoA) estimation techniques.
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